Going to Mars could be bad for astronauts’ brains, a new study using rodents has found.一项关于啮齿动物的实验找到，前往火星可能会对宇航员的大脑导致伤害。While the Earth’s magnetosphere mostly protects people on this planet from cosmic radiation, any trailblazers on a long-distance trek to Mars would have to contend with the harmful radiation of space. To study this, researchers exposed rodents to charged particles and then analyzed the results. They found that, among other issues, the rodents had brain damage, neural inflammation, and impaired memory.尽管地球的大气层可以最大限度地遮挡住宇宙射线，但是宇航员在前往火星的漫长旅途中将被迫曝露在危害的电磁辐射之下。研究者将老鼠摆放在电池粒子周围，结果找到实验鼠经常出现了大脑损毁、神经系统发炎和记忆受损等症状。This is not positive news for astronauts deployed on a two-to-three-year round trip to Mars, Charles Limoli, a professor of radiation oncology at the University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, said in a statement. The space environment poses unique hazards to astronauts. Exposure to these particles can lead to a range of potential central nervous system complications that can occur during and persist long after actual space travel - such as various performance decrements, memory deficits, anxiety, depression and impaired decision-making.”“对于两三年内常常在地球和火星之间来往的宇航员来说，这可不是什么好消息，”加州大学欧文分校医学院的放射线肿瘤学教授查理斯·利莫里回应“宇航员在太空中不会受到类似的损害，如果长年曝露在粒子电磁辐射下，神经系统可能会经常出现还包括身体多项机能上升、记忆缺失、情绪、抑郁症和决策能力损毁在内的并发症，还不会留给持续时间极长的后遗症。
”The scientists also found that radiation could lead to more anxiety, as the rodents had their sense of “fear extinction” affected. Since fear extinction tamps down fear associated with past events, if that process isn’t working properly, then the astronauts could feel more fear.科学家们还找到，实验鼠因射线的起到显得更加情绪，受到了“不安消失”机能的影响。不安消失将人们过去的不安埋藏心底，如果这一过程经常出现问题，宇航员不会感受到更好的不安。Deficits in fear extinction could make you prone to anxiety, Limoli said in the statement, which could become problematic over the course of a three-year trip to and from Mars.“不安消失经常出现缺失，人们不会更容易显得情绪，”利莫里在声明中说道到“这在地球与火星来往的三年时间里不会沦为一个大问题。”The red planet, about 140 million miles from Earth, is a prominent and tantalizing target for the future of space travel. NASA is looking at 2018 for the launch of its uncrewed Mars InSight mission, has plans for a next-gen Martian rover launching in 2020, and is eying a manned mission in the 2030s decade. Meanwhile, Elon Musk, the founder of SpaceX, has announced a bold vision to send people to Mars and colonize it.火星距地球大约1.4亿英里，将沦为未来太空旅行中地位明显的目的地。
美国航空航天局计划于2018年继续执行无人探寻任务，而2020年则将由探测车已完成观测，而21世纪30年代将不会有宇航员攀上火星。同时美国太空探寻技术公司创始人埃隆·马斯克曾宣告了大胆的火星殖民计划。
The study, which notes that cosmic radiation could possibly impair astronauts’ decision-making abilities, was published in the journal Science Reports.这项研究公开发表在《Science Reports》期刊上，认为了宇宙射线对宇航员决策力导致的影响。A caveat: the study used rodents, not people (for obvious reasons), and in general in science, just because something happens to mice during a study doesn’t mean it will be the same for humans. Indeed, the study uses the word “possibly”to couch their results.这项研究的实验对象是鼠类而非人类（原因显而易见），而科学界普遍认为，在鼠类身上经常出现的现象不一定会某种程度在人类身上经常出现，研究报告也用了“有可能地”这样的字眼。“The Mars mission will result in an inevitable exposure to cosmic radiation that has been shown to cause cognitive impairments in rodent models, and possibly in astronauts engaged in deep space travel,”the study states.研究报告认为：“老鼠在宇宙射线的起到下经常出现了认知障碍，而宇航员在火星的来往途中不免要认识到这些射线，因此在宇航员身上也很有可能经常出现上述现象。
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